caption a7 c perfringens strain relevant characteristics source atcc 13124 type a strain  (ATCC)

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains used in this study

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Appearances of biofilms formed by wild-type and mutant strains of C. perfringens on glass and plastic surfaces. The FE-SEM images show the relatively flat surfaces of biofilms formed by the wild-type (A), pilT mutant (C), and pilC mutant (E) strains. (A) The right side of the image shows the surface of the biofilm; in the center, the biofilm has been torn away, revealing a dense mixture of cells and matrix material. (C) The biofilm is present on the left side of the image, and the right side shows the glass surface used as a substrate for biofilm formation. (E) The entire surface shown is covered by a biofilm, with a crack in the surface visible on the right side. The material beneath the crack appears to be less thick and dense than the material under the surface of the biofilm formed by the wild-type strain shown in panel A. (B, D, and F) Laser confocal microscopy images of fluorescently labeled (Syto 9 and propidium iodide) wild-type (B), pilT mutant (D), and pilC mutant (F) bacteria. Representative images of quadruplicate samples are shown as single x-y sections. The white lines in each image indicate the locations of the z sections shown at the top or right edge of the corresponding figure. The thicknessesof the z sections shown at the edges correspond to the depths of the biofilms. Using compiled z sections, the thicknesses of the biofilms in panels B, D, and F were between 30 and 40 μm. Panels A, C, and E, bars = 10 μm; panels B, D, and F, bars = 20 μm.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Confocal Microscopy, Labeling, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Laser confocal microscopy image of a C. perfringens biofilm formed on a cooked meat pellet. The sample was incubated with BacLight Live/Dead stain and calcofluor white, which binds to polysaccharides. The white line delineates the extent of the biofilm formed on the pellet. The colors visible in the image correspond to the following materials: red, meat pellet; blue, polysaccharides (calcofluor white stained); green, live bacteria.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Incubation, Staining, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of PilA in C. perfringens biofilms. (A) Three-day-old C. perfringens strain 13 biofilms were incubated with antibodies to either the C. perfringens PilA1 or PilA2 protein and then stained with Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibodies. Images labeled as PilA1-control and PilA2-control were biofilms incubated with prebleed sera for PilA1 and PilA2, respectively. (B) High-magnification images showing differential interference contrast (DIC) and tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) staining in biofilms. Antibodies directed against PilA proteins did not colocalize with bacteria.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Incubation, Staining, Labeling, Control, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilm formation by multiple C. perfringens toxinotypes. (A) Biofilm formation in 24-well plates, measured as described in Materials and Methods. (B) Biofilm (A570)/planktonic-growth (OD600) ratio. White bars, 0 mM glucose; gray bars, 10 mM glucose; black bars, 100 mM glucose. In panel A, the P values shown represent a statistical comparison, using Student's t test, of biofilm formation between 0 mM and 100 mM glucose concentrations. For types C, D, and E, no statistically significant difference was found at these glucose concentrations. The error bars represent standard deviations.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Comparison

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of glucose concentrations on biofilm formation in the wild type and a ccpA mutant strain of C. perfringens. (A and B) Biofilm formation by strains SM101 (wild type) (A) and SM120 (ccpA mutant) (B). (C and D) Ratio of biofilm/planktonic growth by strains SM101 (wild type) (C) and SM120 (ccpA mutant) (D). In panels A and B, the P values shown represent a statistical comparison, using Student's t test, of biofilm formation between 0 mM and 100 mM glucose concentrations. No statistically significant difference was found at these glucose concentrations for the wild-type strain at day 5 and the ccpA mutant strain at day 1. The error bars represent standard deviations.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Comparison

Journal:

Article Title: Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens ▿

doi: 10.1128/IAI.00692-08

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilms provide protection against oxidative and antibiotic stresses. (A) C. perfringens 3-day-old cultures were separated into biofilm and planktonic fractions and then exposed to various oxidative stresses, as indicated. (B) C. perfringens 3-day-old cultures were separated into biofilm and planktonic fractions and then exposed to 20 μg/ml penicillin G (27 times the MIC [37]) for the times indicated. In panel A, the P values of differences in survival of biofilm versus planktonic cells were each <0.002, by Student's t test, under the conditions described for each experiment. In panel B, differences in survival of biofilm and planktonic cells at each time were compared using Student's t test. *, P = 0.0156; **, P = 0.0254. The error bars represent standard deviations.

Article Snippet: The standard culture conditions were incubation in a Coy anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI) at 37°C. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1. caption a7 C. perfringens strain Relevant characteristics Source ATCC 13124 Type A strain, type strain, gangrene ATCC JGS 1495 Type C strain G. Songer JGS 1721 Type D strain G. Songer JGS 1987 Type E strain G. Songer SM101 Type A strain, food poisoning, transformable 58 SM120 ccpA mutant derivative of SM101 52 SM125 pilC mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 SM126 pilT mutant derivative of strain 13, TFP − , nonmotile 53 13 Type A strain, gangrene isolate, highly transformable 29 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains used in this study

Techniques: